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| antifreeze protein ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
antifreeze protein
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins (ISPs) refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain vertebrates, plants, fungi and bacteria that permit their survival in subzero environments. AFPs bind to small ice crystals to inhibit growth and recrystallization of ice that would otherwise be fatal.〔http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/101/motm.do?momID=120〕 There is also increasing evidence that AFPs interact with mammalian cell membranes to protect them from cold damage. This work suggests the involvement of AFPs in cold acclimatization.
==Non-colligative properties==
Unlike the widely used automotive antifreeze, ethylene glycol, AFPs do not lower freezing point in proportion to concentration. Rather, they work in a noncolligative manner. This phenomenon allows them to act as an antifreeze at concentrations 1/300th to 1/500th of those of other dissolved solutes. Their low concentration minimizes their effect on osmotic pressure.〔 The unusual properties of AFPs are attributed to their affinity for specific ice crystal surfaces.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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